Monday, May 31, 2010

Rehendhi A Minivan News Plot To Promote “National Sissyness” and “Lesbian Relations”





English translation of a statement published on the website of the religiously conservative Adhaalath Party.


Signs of actions are now being seen from Minivan News that it has started a special campaign against the (Religious Lesson) ‘The Call 2010′, which [Islamic NGO] Jamiyyathul Salaf is preparing to host this month.

We have been informed that Minivan News, which even from its onset has been involved in openly protesting against such religious activities and trying to instill doubt in ordinary people, is a website led by President Nasheed’s (younger) brother Nazim Abdul Sattar. Even before, on various different occasions, the (Minivan News) website has been openly insulting Islamic slogans, and many people who love Islam have already called to have the website banned.

Jamiyyathul Salaf is organising ‘The Call’ 2010 which is to be held in the first week of June. ‘The Call’s’ first lecture was held in 2009. Based on the Special Lectures by Dr. Bilal Philips, ‘The Call 2009′ paved way for, especially, many religion-loving youth to get wide-ranging religious information.
‘The Call’ 2009 was so successfully conducted due to the generosity of many religion-loving people. Sponsorship is now open for ‘The Call’ 2010. Thereby, many religion-loving Maldivian businessmen, from among the Maldivian businessmen, are now contributing generously.

We have noticed that Minivan News has kick-started a special campaign to prevent such donations (to The Call 2010). Under this campaign the first among those targeted are the leading businessmen of Maldives.

A petition letter has been prepared and posted on Minivan News website calling for Sonee Sports not to give any aid to The Call 2010.

Although Minivan News writes that Rehendhi is an underground feminist movement, this latest campaign started by Minivan News is similar to the former such campaigns conducted by Minivan News.

We have been informed that the Rehendhi association was borne out of the Minivan News [team] in order to promote national ‘sissy-ness’ and in order to call for lesbian relations among women.
When Sheikh Fareed this year gave a religious lecture about Valentine’s Day, female underwear with words written that could offend Islam were sent to Sheikh Fareed, in order to harass and insult his lecture.

Before sending these items to Sheikh Fareed, photos were taken of these panties which were then published on Minivan News. And various articles have been written on [the Minivan News] website regarding this.

No doubt you will not lose anything by spending on such events that disseminate true information and enlightenment about Islam. Enormous blessings are promised for those who spend on the promotion of Allah’s religion.

We call upon Maldivian businessmen not to give in to the threats posed by Islam’s Enemies and the Devil. Surely, the Devil will spread in people’s hearts fear of becoming poor. The Giver is Allah.
All comment pieces are the sole view of the author and do not reflect the editorial policy of Minivan News. If you would like to write an opinion piece, please send proposals to minivan.news@gmail.com.


Friday, May 28, 2010

Thoughts on absolutism – the virus of Maldivian minds


by Hilath | May 28th, 2010 | via Hilath.com

NOTE: After reading this article, a friend just now commented whether I was not ashamed to “discuss personal stuff on public space.” I told him I don’t have any personal stuff to hide… that this is all public stuff… I told him that I haven’t written here of any NEW personal problem that does not affect most children who were born in the late 1970s in Male’.

It is time to find out exactly how much Islamic Ministry is spending in State funds on sponsoring hate speech. It is time the Maldives’ mainstream media ask the Islamic Ministry why it is spending possibly millions of Maldivian Rufiyaa to fund a swindler posing as an Islamic scholar.

Well, my guess is these people can get funds because Maldives do not have proper income tax laws. When that problem is taken care of, we can find out just how much money goes into these ali-gadha Beybe fihaaras…

Last I heard, a more stronger, and possibly Tsunami-proof “Habee Screen of Doom” is now being erected at Henveiru Park — a tribute to blame Maldives’ tsunami victims? — who Salaf somehow blames was directly responsible for causing Maldives the devastating 2004 Asian Tsunami. In fact, a fear-mongering CD by Salaf mastermind Ali Rameez brainwashed rural girls and women and even female children to wear the headscarf — as if children themselves were sex objects, the perverts!

Ali-gadha Beybe fihaara is a term one of my journalist colleagues used to describe the brightly lit, “everything-goes” sale shops springing up in corners around Male’. It is alleged that some of these Ali-gadha Beybes actually fund poor rural island boys to go to be brainwashed in Afghanistan and Pakistan “Jihadist” camps disguised as Madrassas. Saudi Arabia’s Medina University is also a favorite destination, yet Saudi Arabia is now officially a government-sponsored Wahhabi State.

And when we point out these irrational actions we see all around us, it is people like us who are labeled “anti-Islamic”. Aren’t Adhaalath, which has been the pioneering party to politicize Islam, and the pedo-sex cult otherwise known as Jamiyyathul Salaf, the actual traitors to the Maldivian people?

Don’t be surprised: when you are active on Ban the Adhaalath Facebook group, you encounter all sorts of weirdos parroting their Wahhabi Masters. And me and many of my friends have gotten quite a few scoldings in mosques and the streets from Wahhabi groups and other groups sympathetic to the Wahhabi cause. Perhaps these are the kind of timid mice, who for some inexplicable reason, were too cowardly to bully other classmates. So, they get into groups, either on Cyberspace or in mosques or on the streets, to bully moderates and women who don’t wear the headscarf.

These are the kind of people, who really know they are quite vulnerable inside, but they can never (unless with proper psychiatric rehabilitation) confront you face-to-face if you pose them a logical question. When you really think about the kind of comments they make on the blogosphere and Facebook, you realize that these kids – and even some adults like the operators of Adhaalath and Salaf – are truly insane.

You want to know why? Try feeding “illogic” into an “intelligent brain” like a human brain, right from childhood, and he/she will grow up to be an insecure, unconfident, vulnerable and mindless robot whose only defense is mimicking their Taliban Masters like a parrot. Just imagine: if a human spends all his years trying to make sense in his mind and “truly believe 100 percent without doubt” that something like 2+2=5, you can imagine how much damaged that brain will become once the person enters teenage.

By the time they enter their mid-20s, that is when their sexual drive starts to wane, then these aging male Wahhabis start brainwashing other kids (a growing mind is a fertile empty ground to plant all sorts of mind viruses) so that these Wahhabi Masters will have constant attention, adoration, devotion, and perhaps, a little wayward sexcapade now and then… As Richard Dawkins pointed out, people who have undergone Organized Religious Brainwashing (myself included) would need years of rehabilitation, just to be able to make it through one-day-at-a-time without your “stress nerves snapping”.

You tend to wonder: Why are people, who are inclined towards religion, so hostile towards us? Is it because there is a problem with religion itself? Or is there a problem with Organized Religion?

Yes, there is a problem with Organized Religion. It is a virus against the human intellect. It aims to make you stop thinking.

As a child, I remember when I asked my elders: “Who created God?”

They replied: “Islam says you can only think up to a certain point. You are not allowed to think about things which is beyond human comprehension.”

I then asked: “Then why does it say in the first words God sent to Prophet Mohamed that humans’ top priority should be to ‘think and learn’”?

The elders were stumped. They had no answer.

As a child, I didn’t understand why they couldn’t answer a question which seemed so simple to me. I thought: “They are elders. They should know. Why aren’t they telling?”

Somehow, when those humans wouldn’t tell me the answer, I somehow started getting angry with God Himself. I thought: God had all these hundreds of pages in the Holy Scriptures of all religions (at least the Old and new Testaments and the Quran combined because they say Hinduism and Buddhism is not a “Sky Religion”), yet he (conveniently?) failed to answer the Eternal Question that would have easily put human minds at rest and we could have “believed 100 percent without a shadow of a doubt” that he exists (I don’t care whether as a Super Intelligent Cosmic Consciousness or Being or “something a human mind will NEVER be able to comprehend until He shows Himself to Believers on Judgment Day”, etc…)

Later I came to know that my 29-year struggle to find the First Cause really had no Absolute Answer. It just always ends in an Eternal Regress: If you are forced to stop thinking who created God, my 29-year-old mind told me I might as well not think about God at all and just treat the Universe as another given. If my Elders can treat God as a given, which conveniently seems to fit, like a Cosmic Cork, into any metaphysical blanks in human knowledge, why can’t I treat the Universe as an Eternal Given and if I personally prefer, I could name this Set of Natural Laws as either Universe, God, Allah, Jesus, Brahma, Jehovah, Eywa, Gaia, etc, as perceived by my limited five physical senses and by my limited knowledge of how this Universe exists and functions.

It seems to me that psychological problems arise when a human being ends up in the dead end I termed as Eternal Regress.

What happens then?

An obsession arises to find absolute answers! We want to know what happens after death.

Then what happens is that, when your logical mind actually makes you realize that there is no 100 percent way to actually know what happens after death, your mind goes into over-drive and gets stuck in a loop: Deep at the back of the mind you know you can never be sure that Islam is 100 percent true because you were not born during the time of the Prophet and you have all these second-hand Hadith and Sunnah which you can never independently and scientifically verify.

So what happens when a machine that is Naturally wired to perform logical calculations try to solve this unsolvable “religious conflict of the inner mind”?

You start feeling so insecure, you always feel vulnerable and defenseless. You develop a constant need to be surrounded by family, friends and well-meaning “Islamic breathren”. You need Constant Reassurance and Confirmation that Islam is “100 percent true”, that it is an “absolute answer”… It doesn’t matter where you get the Reassurance from: You always need to hear and Reaffirm that “Islam is 100 percent true” because somewhere you were brainwashed that if you don’t believe in Islam as a “100 percent absolute truth, you will burn in Hell Forever”. Clever way to hijack an insecure young mind, isn’t it?

So… Because people like your parents, friends and even Dr. Zakir Naik (who you absolutely trust) believe that “Islam is a 100 percent absolute truth”, then it MUST be true, no?

That is why you should take a child’s mind seriously, without brainwashing it — deliberately or not! My advice: when your child voluntarily asks you about God for the first time, refrain from giving your opinion. Rather give him/her the chance to study Comparative Religion and decide to choose for him/herself. If I had my way, I would make Comparative Religion compulsory for all grades!! Remember, one man’s food is another man’s poison, and vice versa.

What goes wrong is that a human mind can never accept, much less believe, in illogic. So, what happens after that is, you want to keep constantly hearing “religious stuff” either at home or work, because your stress and depression seems never to come to a rest, unless you keep Reassuring and Affirming your faith by hearing other people’s Affirmation. You seek repeated viewings of a sermon or from serial conversations with another Wahhabi buddy (I was a Haabee when I was 15). You are always afraid to be alone, because every time you are alone, that Ultimate Scary Thought enters your mind: You are not “100 percent sure Islam is the true religion” and so you are constantly afraid that Allah will send you to Hell for Eternity! As I said before, what other clever way to hijack a young, curious, and delicate mind?

With a Constant Fear on Your Head for Years on end, do you think you will grow up into a rational adult?! Remember how Anakin Skywalker later became the epitome of evil, the Darth Vader? Anakin’s heart and mind was always occupied by fear. All the energy and focus on his brain was wasted on constantly battling that inner fear. In the end, the insecurity that was created in his mind, resulted in him going to the dark side. At least that is my interpretation of Star Wars and the only “fan value” of the franchise I have for that classic series.

It’s time to get rid of your insecurities. Allah is all merciful and I’m sure he won’t punish you eternally for something you did in a limited lifetime (I think Maldivians’ average life expectancy now is around 77 years). He is most fair. At the risk of being accused of blasphemy, let me reveal some personal secrets, which people like Adam Waheed may be totally surprised to hear… Let me say this, if it would ease any of my brethren who may have undergone the same “religious conflict of the inner mind” which I was finally able to let go at the sad late age of 29: If you should know, I was a good Conservative Muslim until the age of 29. If you guys and girls really should know, my first kiss and even my first sexual experience was at the age of 29.

Now you know why I hate Organized Religion and want to promote Personal Religion instead… Organized Religion wasted half of my life, for fuck’s sake! I will resent it to my very end. I will fight against it no matter where I am. As the Colonel in Avatar says, “Nothing’s over while I’m breathing.” You have no choice but to kill me if you want to make me go silent!

After Maumoon came to power, the 70s discos in Male’ Ice Ge and Hakuraa Fair were closed down. My relatives started dressing conservatively. Earlier, their skirts were so short that in some photos of them you can even see their panties.

So I really hate the double standards these “well-meaning” relatives later adopted: They had all the sex, drugs, and rock and roll and bisexual orgies in their time, but when it was my teenage, they were like: “Hilath, you should never even hold a strange lady’s hand. All the baraka from your hand will wear off!”

So, in my ripe sexual age of 20, I remained celibate. It was frustrating. Like David James and all other anonymouses on Facebook, I used to vent my anger at everything: at all Organized Religions who treat sex as something dirty, at homosexuals, at Jews, etc. I “believed” all the so-called “Western Conspiracy Theories” against the “Islamic Ummah”…

My sexual experiences over the past 5 years are so limited, I don’t even know whether I’m heterosexual, homosexual or bisexual. I just haven’t had the time to get sexually experienced as to prefer a certain sexual orientation! LOL… So, Adam Waheed, give me some time, ingey?

In fact, I blamed everything and everybody around me. It was only last year that I finally realized that I have to forget the past, and move on if I have to enjoy the little time left in my life.

The String Theory really helped — from an unexpected angle: I now see myself as a String on a Guitar. When I am played, I produce beautiful music, and I’m happy and everyone else is happy. When my String is not played, it’s just there, sitting peacefully, bothering nobody, and enjoying Existence by itself because the whole setup of the Universe seems to say to me, “Hilath, Let It Be”…

I mean, basically I have now done everything I want to in life, and I am ready to die even today. No regrets at all. I have forgiven everybody because they acted in my best interests under the then prevailing social circumstances.

President Nasheed, who is related by blood to my extended family, was once quoted by a close friend of mine as saying that: “We all draw conclusions from all available information and take a decision based on the best judgment that seems appropriate for that time. Later, circumstances may turn out to prove that that decision was wrong. But it’s important that we know we did our best, and we did the right thing according to the limited knowledge available then. That is the only Knowledge that will bring Inner Lasting Peace and Redemption while you are on your Deathbed.”

Like Naafiz also pointed out in his blogpost, I also waited for hugs which were not forthcoming. It just wasn’t in my extended family’s “etiquette” then to be physically close to children.

So, basically, I grew up by myself alone as a Blue Monkey in my own little forest in our vast ancestral home in the Royalty heart of Male’. But today, I’m glad I finally broke from the chains of Organized Religion which had hijacked my mind until I was 29 years old. Better late than never, eh? hehe. The feeling of finally being truly liberated from ALL THINGS is sheer bliss…

Because Organized Religion means you have a self-appointed-by-law God’s “Agent” on Earth, dictating even little things like how to cut your fingernails.

Why do I say Organized Religion (as opposed to Personal Religion which an individual follows according to his personal interpretation of Holy Books) is a poison of the human mind is because, these people fail utterly when confronted with logic. On the blogosphere, Flickr, Twitter and Facebook, childhood chums from decades ago suddenly pastes a malicious comment on a public forum, questioning my integrity.

There’s no need to be jumpy about it. I mean, do you see people like me (who don’t believe in the traditional concept of God as taught by your Wahhabi Slave Masters) being jumpy about it? If you haven’t noticed, we usually make some ironic comment and move on.

But do Wahhabis really move on? If their mind is set on an “honor killing”, they will hunt down the girl, no matter what. That is why the only way this Salafist menace can be get rid of from Maldives’ society is by forcing these “converts” to undergo a government-observed, an independent-organization-administered mental rehabilitation center.

Believe me, mental rehabilitation is not easy. The last five years I’ve spent mostly as a hermit, letting my feelings show only on Cyberspace. My mind is also recuperating; it is in a rewiring process. Hopefully, some part of the logical software in my brain can still be salvaged. But if ever there comes a day when my health makes me depend on someone, there’s always that Tahiti monster wave I told you about :)

Monday, May 24, 2010

Thoughts on Adhaalath

by boadhaabas | Monday, May 24, 2010 | via Boadhaabas

Prior to the 'dawn of the new democracy' we always blamed Gayoom and his regime for politicizing Religion. For using Islam as a 'weapon' to enslave people and to consolidate their 'absolute and divine' power to rule over us minions. We loathed the regime for that and used it as a powerful campaign against him in the elections - and it worked!

Sadly we now see a situation where one of the minor partners in the Nasheed government (one who does not even command a single parliament seat) - the Adhalat party with their control over the Islamic Ministry trying to do exactly the same. Textbook Gayoomism I would say. In fact, their effort is even 'better and more targeted' that Gayooms. I was dumbfounded when I looked through the religious unity regulations which they tried to publish! It is one the most extreme piece of religious unity law I have ever seen (and I have briefly gone through ones in Iran and some of the states of Malaysia and Nigeria). There is a component in the regulation which allows the Ministry to poke into anybody's business. From an absolute restriction on freedom of speech to potentially dictating on the standards of advertising and marketing materials of tourist resorts! Just imagine the consequences! The only thing they fell short of was the creation of a religious police who would roam around the streets like they do in Saudi. Or perhaps, they will claim they have the authority to do this under some section of it later on!

Nevertheless, this cannot be tolerated.

Sunday, May 23, 2010

Dark Truths; The Sex Gods!

via Thadu
The roads paved, buildings erected, harbors completed, we see a beautiful Male’. The islands, though, a bit behind compared to Male’, are developing and life styles changing towards a modern direction. Transportation systems established, communication systems fantastic, we are living a generally cool life. And several of us rarely think about who we are. The Maldives that we see today: only a few think about its past. The cultures that we practice, the dances that we call Maldivian: only a few think about the origins of these cultures and practices. We are a country who is in the debate of gender equity, human rights, atheism, liberation, secularism, etc. and only a few of us reflect how this country was in the past.


History is in fact one of the most important aspect that could explain the current conditions of a country, and it in fact could be the most important subject that could determine the future of a country. In other words, where we are today and where we are moving towards could be explained easily and more fluently if we know our history, the history of the Maldives.

Today’s hot topics include differences in religious views, equity, secularism, and sexual aspects etc. and all are mostly related to beliefs. In history, we are taught that the Maldives was a Buddhist country. And of course there are several Buddhist temples that are been found and protected as historical places. However within these facts that are been revealed, there are several hidden facts; facts that only a few historians knows. It might be because the people of this country have no interest in history, such facts don’t surface. Or we are not having any interest in history because the people who control us do not want us to have any interest in history.

Could it be a conspiracy or a truth, a new idol has been revealed in the Maldives that brings a whole new chapter to what we know about us! It is in the blood of several Maldivians, the homosexual genes. We know this, with the freedom we have gained; more and more of such are expressing themselves, their feelings and their needs, in writing and spoken. Who actually asks the question, ‘why so?’ Maldives labeled as a 100% Muslim country, should portray a much more Islamic culture. And in our blood should be piousness! Such questions could be answered by looking into our own history. We have some cultural activities that are similar to those of Buddhists obviously because in the past Maldives was a Buddhist country as written in the history.

And if the idol that was discovered recently is a truth, it might explain a lot about the sexual cultures of the Maldives. The idol supposedly was not an ordinary statue of the Buddha but was the statue of a ‘fertility god’. Those who have the slightest interest in cultures and religions would certainly know how a ‘god of fertility’ looks like. This perhaps is evidence that at a time Maldivians worshipped the ‘god of fertility’ and hence had experienced bi-sex and fulfilled homosexual desires.

But unfortunately such information is been withheld from public knowledge. And even to those who seek to find the truths, it is a tough task to get a grip on the dark history of the Maldives. And like Napoleon once said, ‘What is history, but a fable agreed upon?’ The history that we are shown is only about the battles fought and won and the falsified stories of ‘Rannamaari’, ‘Handi Ganduvaru Dhonkama’, ‘Foolhu Dhigu Handi’ etc.!

Monday, May 17, 2010

International Day Against Homophobia

| May 17, 2010 | via Hilath.com

Punitive and Discriminatory Laws limit access to HIV prevention and care services for men having sex with men in Asia Pacific

Hong Kong, May 17, 2010
– More than 90 percent of men having sex with men in the Asia Pacific region do not have access to HIV prevention and care services. HIV prevalence has reached alarming levels among men who have sex with men and transgender populations in many countries of Asia and the Pacific. If countries fail to address the legal context of the epidemic, this already critical situation is likely to become worse. The implementation of effective, human rights-based national HIV responses requires governments to consider the effect of laws and law enforcement practices on the health of men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender persons.

Coinciding with the International Day against Homophobia, this warning came as a key finding in the report on “Laws affecting HIV responses among men who have sex with men and transgender persons in Asia and the Pacific: an agenda for action”. This forthcoming report with its key findings were reviewed today during the “High Level Dialogue on Punitive laws, Human rights and HIV prevention among men who have sex with men in the Asia Pacific Region” convened by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the Asia Pacific Coalition on Male Sexual Health (APCOM) and the Center for Comparative and Public Law (CCPL) at the Faculty of Law, The University of Hong Kong.

The report showed that 19 of 48 countries in the Asia Pacific region criminalize male to male sex, and these laws often taken on the force of vigilantism, often leading to abuse and human rights violations. Even in the absence of criminalization, other provisions of law often violate the rights of MSM and transgender persons along with arbitrary and inappropriate enforcement, thereby obstructing HIV interventions, advocacy and outreach, and service delivery. This very debate was at the heart of the recent landmark ruling by the Delhi High Court that Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code unfairly discriminates against men who have sex with men and consenting adults in general.

Furthermore, the report found that legislation and law enforcement often lags behind national HIV policies, with the result that the reach and effectiveness of programs for MSM and transgender persons are undermined. This indicates the need for greater coordination between health and justice sectors within government. There has been growing awareness among national policy makers of the need to identify MSM as a key population to be addressed by national HIV programmes.

“The effectiveness of the HIV response will depend not just on the sustained scale up of HIV prevention, treatment and care, but on whether the legal and social environment support or hinder programmes for those who are most vulnerable” said Mandeep Dhaliwal, UNDP Cluster Leader on Human Rights, Gender & Sexual Diversity. “The development and strengthening of an enabling legal and social environment is critical for comprehensive interventions for men who have sex with men and transgender people to have the greatest impact.”

Finally, the study highlighted that there are some recent examples of protective laws, judicial and policy actions to improve the legal environment for MSM and transgender people, including important court judgments in Nepal, India, Pakistan, Philippines, Fiji, South Korea and Hong Kong. However, these are exceptional developments and action is required to improve the legal environment in all countries. Developing strategic partnerships and alliances between affected communities, the legal profession, human rights bodies, parliamentarians and policy makers is critical.

The High Level Panelists, including former High Court Justices, and representatives from Parliament, civil society and the UN system, reviewed how comprehensive and rights based HIV prevention among men who have sex with men and transgender people can occur only when a conducive and enabling legal environment is created. This will allow for unimpeded dissemination of prevention messages and services; appropriate provision of treatment, care and support services; and confidence-building measures among the most marginalized and vulnerable to seek essential information and access services.

“A strategy of comprehensive, rights based HIV prevention requires bold and effective legal and policy measures to reach out to vulnerable communities and individuals at risk,” stated the Honourable Michael Kirby of Australia. “It is here that reform of laws and law enforcement practices affecting private, adult same sex activities must be seen as an imperative step in the path of reducing the isolation, stigma and vulnerability lived by communities and individuals. This will help enhance their self-respect and dignity as citizens and protect their legal rights, including receiving information on safer sex practices.”

Many national HIV policies now accord a priority to MSM, even though the legal environment remains repressive. Some 22 national HIV responses in the Asia and Pacific region have identified MSM as a most-at-risk or priority population for the purposes of HIV prevention and four countries have specific strategic plans or action plans on MSM and HIV (Cambodia, China, Indonesia and India). Furthermore, a successful, community led multi country proposal to the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria on MSM and HIV has been endorsed by seven countries in South Asia.

The Honorable Ajit Prakash Shah from India said, “If society can display inclusiveness and understanding, MSM and transgender persons can be assured of a life of dignity and non-discrimination. They cannot be excluded or ostracized merely because some of us perceive them as ‘deviants’ or ‘different’. We should not forget that discrimination is the antithesis of equality and that it is the recognition of equality which will foster the dignity of every individual.”

The preliminary findings reviewed at the High Level Dialogue are from a study commissioned by UNDP and APCOM. The study considered published research, legislation, legal cases, grey literature, and drew from two regional consultations with community representatives and legal experts. The final report of the study’s findings will be delivered at the XVIII International AIDS Conference, Vienna, at the session on Criminalizing Homosexual Behaviour: Human Rights Violation and Obstacles to Effective HIV/AIDS Prevention, 20 July 2010.

Saturday, May 1, 2010

Maldives MSM profile 2010

HIV/AIDS among men who have sex with men and transgender populations in Maldives: the current situation and national response


MALDIVES (Revised April 2010 GR)


1. The Context

1. 1. Overview of the HIV epidemic

The first case of HIV in the Maldives was reported in 1991. The latest data show 14 Maldivians have been diagnosed with HIV/AIDS, and of these 10 have died. 1 In addition, 243 expatriates working in the Maldives were diagnosed with HIV, but most likely they acquired HIV elsewhere. HIV prevalence among resort workers was found to be 0.2% in 2008. 2 All infections were reportedly acquired through heterosexual transmission. An HIV situational assessment in the Maldives conducted in 2006 highlighted risk behaviors among female sex workers (FSW), men who have sex with men (MSM), people who inject drugs (PWID), sea- farers, migrant workers and youth. 3 Mobility, geographically dispersed populations (across 196 inhabited islands), migration (from India and Sri Lanka) due to employment opportunities and external tourism were among the HIV vulnerability factors identified. 4


1.2 Magnitude of the MSM and Transgender population

The size of the MSM population was estimated to be 1 600 – 4 200.5 A biological and behavioural survey (BSS) on HIV and AIDS in 2008 in the Maldives, recruited 126 MSM. The same study also found that among PWID (N = 276) 4% had sexual experiences with other men. 6 Whether the PWID had same-sex sexual experience in exchange for drugs was not able to be confirmed. The extent of male sex work and its significance in relation to HIV prevention was not known. 7 Information about transgender was not available.


1. 3 Typologies of MSM and TG populations


Apart from the terms ‘MSM’ and ‘male sex workers’ used in government documents, no other labels or identities of same-sex attracted males were mentioned in the available HIV-related literature from Maldives. No details about transgender people in the Maldives were available.


2. Epidemic situation analysis

2.1 Prevalence of STIs among MSM


The BSS in 2008 focused on the most at risk populations: FSW, MSM, PWID, sea-farers, migrant workers, resort and construction workers and youth. MSM were surveyed at two sites, Male’ (capital city) and Addu. No MSM tested reactive for syphilis. However STI- related symptoms were reported by 17% of MSM sampled in Male’ and 12% in Addu. 8 Hepatitis B was reported among MSM with prevalence at 6% and 1% in Addu and Male respectively. 9 The detection of Hepatitis B among MSM may be a result of unprotected anal sex, sexual linkages with PWID or an involvement in injecting drug use behaviour. The BSS 2008 found all such behaviours among MSM and this may have contributed further to the risk of acquiring Hepatitis B.


2.2 Prevalence of HIV among MSM


The BSS, 2008 indicated that among MSM the HIV prevalence was 0.0%.


2.3. HIV-related risk behaviours of MSM


In 2006, a situational assessment was commissioned by the UN Theme Group on HIV/AIDS to support the Ministry of Health’s Department of Public Health (DPH) in the development of a national strategic plan on HIV/AIDS for 2007-2011. 11 A gap that was identified at the time was a lack of active surveillance system to provide a warning device of the epidemic status of the country. Only qualitative data on MSM was available through key informant interviews. The report identified low levels of HIV knowledge and high risk sexual behaviors among MSM who use the internet to find potential sexual partners

In the BSS report 2008 a high prevalence of unprotected sex among FSW, MSM, PWID and youth was found. Reasons why MSM participants did not perceive themselves to be at risk of HIV included not often changing sex partners, always using a condom, not injecting narcotics, convinced partner is healthy or not having anal sex. Only 32% and 21% of MSM at Male’ and Addu respectively perceived themselves to be at risk of HIV. Regarding knowledge of HIV in various groups surveyed, between 67-80% of respondents correctly identified ways to prevent sexual transmission of HIV except the construction workers. Among MSM 48% in Male’ and 47 % in Addu reported that HIV decreases by using condom every time they have sex The BBS in 2008 found that all among MSM participants 48% had sex with a male in the past month. 12


2. 3. 1. Casual male sex partners



The BSS report 2008 found that most MSM had sex with a man in the past year and in the past month it was nearly half (48%) where no payment was exchanged. However, 44% in Male’ and 18% in Addu had sold sex to another man and 29% in Male’ and 18% in Addu had bought sex from a man. In addition, 16% of MSM in Male’ reported that they had met a sex partner on the Internet (see Figure 1). It has been suggested that among the MSM the potential lack of marriage possibility, and social recognition of a long term commitment, led to a situation where it was more convenient to keep sexual relationships casual and have a high number of partners. 13


2. 3. 2. Male sex work


The BSS 2008 reported that 44% in Male and 18% in Addu had sold sex to another manand 29% in Male ’ and 18% in Addu had bought sex from a man in the past 12 months. (see Figure 1)


2. 3. 3. Condom use with men



The BSS 2008 reported that while 31% of MSM sold sex to men, 72% did not use condoms. Additionally it was reported that 58% of MSM have sex with other men (consensual or paying) but 77% do not use condoms. A separation of the two survey sites show unprotected anal sex with consensual and paid male partners was greater in Addu (86%) compared to Male (67%) and in paying male partners it was 78% in Addu and 67% in Male. (see Figure 2)


2. 3. 4. Bisexual behavior and condom use with women


A considerable proportion of MSM in the BSS 2008, were married to women (29% in Male’ and 26% in Addu). The study found that 75% of MSM have sex with women and 90% do not use condoms. Unprotected sex was higher with women in Addu (98%) compared to Male (82%). (see Figure 2). Many MSM have had casual female partners as well as paid and paying female partners (see Figure 1). More than two-thirds of MSM (62% in Male and 67% in Addu) reported having had sex with women without any money being exchanged. Less than one-third of MSM (29%) reported having sold sex to women, and 49% reported having bought sex from women in Male.


2. 3. 5. Injecting drug use


The BSS report 2008 shows that one-fourth (25%) of MSM in Addu and 16% of MSM in Male’ reported having ever injected drugs. Recent qualitative research has also found that MSM do use drugs, and often in connection with sex. 14


2. 4. Potential for rapid transmission


Several high risk behaviours were found among MSM in the Maldives: high rates of unprotected sex with men and women (wife, girl friend, and FSW ); selling sex to men and women; buying sex from men and women; injecting drugs; consuming drugs and having sex; and ha ving sex with injecting drug users (see Figure 3). None of the MSM survey participants tested HIV positive. However, there can be little doubt that once HIV enters the MSM population, the potential for HIV transmission spreading rapidly across the various high risk groups, and their sexual partners, will potentially be rapid.


Figure 1. Sexual partners of MSM, Maldives, 2008

(Source: National Bio logical and Behavioral survey, 2008)


Figure 2. Unprotected sex (%) among MSM in Male’ and Addu, Maldives, 2008
Source: BSS 2008

3. National responses

3. 1. Policy and legal environment

Sex between same-sex adults remains criminalized in the Maldives. According to the Section 15, clause 173 (8a) “Sexual activity with a member of the same sex”, under the “Rules of adjudication”, the punishment is to be lashed (tha’zeer) between 19 to 39 times and banished or imprisoned for a period between 1 to 3 years, taking into account, the severity of the offence.

The HIV situational assessment reports that Maldivian MSM were constantly afraid of disclosure and largely maintain two strictly separate lives. 15 In Maldives, as in many other societies, issues surrounding sexuality, especially same-sex sexuality, and sex work were not openly discussed.

The national strategic plan (2007- 2012) indicates that a comprehensive package of HIV prevention services will be offered for MSM. 16 It was reported that a target of 80% of MSM by 2011 will receive comprehensive HIV prevention services. It has been reported by the United Nations Development Programme that there were few non- government organizations (NGOs) in the Maldives. Those that were active have provided HIV educational services through weekly radio programs, peer education, and seminars. 17 World Health Organization, and United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) have provided funding and technical assistance for HIV/AIDS awareness and prevention programs. Few civil society organizations and basically no known networks and self- help groups of affected communities, such as PWID, MSM or sex workers were found in the Maldives.


3. 2. Interventions available

The national strategic plan notes that the capacities of NGOs and governmental institutions will need to be built to provide comprehensive HIV prevention services for MSM, including: outreach activities for HIV education, including peer education, and behaviour change communication; condom promotion; HIV testing; and STI diagnosis and treatment. However, the specific number of targeted interventions for MSM was not mentioned. It was possible that after the BBS 2008 findings targeted interventions for MSM would be initiated. It was found that UNODC supported a sensitization programme for the prison officers about drug use and HIV and MSM issues. Lastly the UNDP, with support from the Global Fund, conducted sensitization programmes for law enforcement officers, including prison officers about MSM.


3.3. Coverage of interventions

According to the BBS in 2008, 16% of MSM in Male’ and 2% in Addu had tested themselves for HIV. Information as to those being tested and receiving the results was not known. In Male 48% and 21% of MSM in Addu had received information on HIV/AIDS/STI in the past 12 months. In absence of targeted interventions, HIV and STI information was received mainly through television, radio, newspapers and magazines. Despite the apparent lack of targeted interventions the BBS in 2008 reported that condom distribution was highest among MSM compared to other groups that were surveyed: 65% in Male’ and 72% in Addu. It was not clear whether condoms were distributed to MSM by some NGOs. Information of the distribution of lubricants was neither known, nor about detection and management of STIs among the MSM population.


3. 4. Current gaps in responses

Despite the lack of HIV detection among MSM, high level sexual risk behaviours within the MSM population, and their sexual relations with women, remains a cause for concern. The lack of targeted interventions for MSM remains largely unaddressed. The widespread lack of condom use with all types of sexual partners shows a lack of information, education and communication, and counseling services, on sexual health and ways of reducing risk behaviours. Lack of capacity among existing NGOs to implement targeted interventions with the MSM population was identified, as was the lack of community
groups among MSM to serve their broad based needs. Criminal laws against consensual same-sex relations and negative societal attitude were also important structural barriers that need to be examined further and addressed.


Recommendations
  • Need to ensure there was a periodic HIV sero-surveillance and behavioural survey among MSM, and to consider expand ing the number of sites.
  • Need to intensify behaviour change through information, education and communication among MSM in order to promote consistent condom use with both male and female partners. Expand substantially the provision of condoms and lubricants for MSM to compliment the message fo r behaviour change.
  • Condom use was not common among MSM with female sexual partners consequently increasing the risk of sexual transmission of HIV. Greater focus upon the needs of spouses and female partners of MSM require greater attention.
  • Need to increase monitoring and raise awareness of drug injecting and other drug use among MSM as an increase in drug use, specifically drug injecting, has the potential to escalate a HIV epidemic among MSM.
  • Need to increase detection and management of STIs, and where it was possible provide education and the provision of hepatitis B vaccination to all MSM.
  • Need to advocate for increased access to health care services for MSM, particularly those related to men’s sexual health. This will involve advocacy and sensitization of health care providers, local community including religious leaders. This will contribute towards raising an awareness of the issues and potentially improve overall HIV prevention response
  • Need to strengthen the capacity of NGOs to work with MSM populations, including adopting appropriate outreach programmes by NGOs to meet the sexual health needs of all men, but ensuring there is a specific awareness and focus with services for MSM.
  • Need to review, and where required, improve Internet-based HIV educational interventions designed to outreach to MSM in the Maldives.


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